Major Step in China–Pakistan Naval Cooperation
The Pakistan Navy will induct its first Chinese-designed Hangor-class submarine next year. The development marks a major milestone in China–Pakistan naval collaboration and expands Islamabad’s presence across the North Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
Smooth Progress on $5 Billion Submarine Deal
Admiral Naveed Ashraf, Chief of Naval Staff, confirmed the progress in an interview with China’s Global Times. The $5 billion agreement covers eight diesel-electric attack submarines. Four are being built in China, while four will be assembled in Karachi, ensuring technology transfer and local expertise.
Three submarines have already been launched from a Chinese shipyard on the Yangtze River, reflecting the growing industrial and defence partnership between both nations.
Boosting Maritime Strength and Self-Reliance
Admiral Ashraf said the project strengthens the Navy’s deterrence and underwater warfare capabilities while promoting self-reliance in defence production. He highlighted the significance of Type 054A/P frigates, calling them “among the most advanced surface combatants.”
These multirole warships have enhanced air defence, anti-submarine warfare, and maritime surveillance. The Admiral noted that such platforms help maintain security across the Indian Ocean, crucial for global trade stability.
“This cooperation goes beyond hardware, it reflects shared strategy and trust,” he added.
China as Pakistan’s Leading Defence Partner
Between 2020 and 2024, Pakistan accounted for over 60% of China’s total arms exports, according to SIPRI. Admiral Ashraf said both countries are now exploring new frontiers, including artificial intelligence, unmanned systems, and advanced electronic warfare through joint research.
Linking Defence and Economic Strategy
This partnership aligns with the Belt and Road Initiative, particularly the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The corridor connects China’s Xinjiang region with Pakistan’s Gwadar port, offering Beijing a direct route to the Middle East and boosting Pakistan’s strategic importance.
Expanding Operational Reach and Regional Role
The new submarines and frigates form part of Pakistan’s naval modernization program. These additions will extend Pakistan’s operational reach, improve maritime deterrence, and strengthen regional security, while also expanding China’s influence across the Indian Ocean.
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