China’s “Two Sessions” set to shape National Agenda

China’s “Two Sessions” set to shape National Agenda as they are to take place from March 4-10.

The “two sessions” refer to the annual gatherings of China’s top legislative body, the National People’s Congress (NPC), and its highest political advisory body, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee.

Both institutions operate on five-year terms and convene once a year for plenary sessions. The 14th NPC, currently in session, comprises nearly 3,000 deputies, while the 14th CPPCC National Committee includes over 2,000 members.

As the supreme organ of state power, the NPC functions not only as China’s top legislature but also holds authority over electing national leaders, approving government budgets, and endorsing national development plans.

Meanwhile, the CPPCC plays a crucial advisory role within China’s multi-party cooperation framework under CPC leadership. It serves as a consultative body within China’s whole-process people’s democracy, offering recommendations on major policy areas, including economic, political, cultural, social, and environmental matters.

Since the two bodies meet concurrently each year, their sessions are collectively referred to as the “two sessions.” In 2025, the NPC session is set to commence on March 5, while the CPPCC National Committee session will begin on March 4.

One of the most closely watched topics is China’s annual economic growth target. This figure, revealed in the government work report at the NPC’s opening, sets expectations for the country’s economic performance.

Alongside the GDP target, the report outlines other key economic benchmarks, such as the deficit-to-GDP ratio and inflation goals, while also identifying priority areas for development. Additionally, the NPC reviews the annual economic and social development plan, as well as the government budget, providing insights into policy directions, fiscal strategies, and economic objectives.

The NPC also carries out legislative functions, including drafting or amending major laws. Over the years, it has passed crucial legislation such as the Constitution, the Civil Code, the Supervision Law, and the Foreign Investment Law.

This year, lawmakers will examine proposed revisions to the Law on Deputies to the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses, marking the law’s fourth amendment since its enactment in 1992.

The legislative session will also announce the annual lawmaking agenda and review the work report of the NPC Standing Committee. Additionally, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate will present their reports, summarizing the judicial and prosecutorial systems’ work over the past year.

During the “two sessions,” senior government officials frequently address the media. Among the most anticipated events is the foreign minister’s press conference, where China’s diplomatic stance and foreign policy directions are discussed.