Researchers have discovered a new microbial species aboard China’s Space Station, officially named Niallia tiangongensis, as announced by the China Manned Space Agency. The findings were published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
This discovery was made possible through the Space Station’s engineering and aerospace technology experiments. The research team studied the changes and safety management of microbes in the station’s environment during its extended operation. They developed a detailed microbial monitoring mission called the China Space Station Habitation Area Microbiome Program.
In May 2023, astronauts from the Shenzhou-15 mission collected microbial samples from surfaces inside the space station. These samples were preserved at low temperatures and returned to Earth for detailed examination. Through physical observations, genome sequencing, evolutionary analysis, and metabolic studies, researchers confirmed the presence of this new microbial species.
Microbes represent some of the oldest and most varied life forms on Earth. A novel microbial species is one that has never been identified, studied, or named before.
Niallia tiangongensis is highly adapted to the space environment. It can resist stress by controlling the production of bacillithiol to manage oxidative stress, maintaining cellular balance and enabling growth under harsh conditions. Additionally, it shows unique features in forming biofilms and repairing radiation damage.
The survival mechanisms of Niallia tiangongensis provide innovative insights for science. Its adaptation strategies may help develop precise microbial control methods, benefiting aerospace, agriculture, industry, and medicine. Its ability to use specific organic compounds opens new avenues for sustainable resource use.
As the space station’s mission continues, further research into the microbes’ active compounds, genetics, and metabolism is expected to produce valuable discoveries, advancing scientific knowledge and practical applications on Earth.
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