Since its initiation in 2013, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has emerged as a game-changer for socio-economic development in Pakistan. This landmark initiative has brought substantial investment into various sectors, with railway infrastructure being one of the major beneficiaries. The revitalization of Pakistan’s railway system under CPEC is set to usher in an era of modernity, efficiency and economic growth, addressing decades of infrastructural stagnation and paving the way for a more connected and prosperous future.
Historically, Pakistan’s railway network, established by the British, was once a symbol of robust infrastructure and operational excellence. However, over the decades, the system has grappled with a range of issues, including inefficiencies, outdated technology and insufficient investment. The result has been a railway network struggling to meet the demands of a growing economy and population. Despite covering a substantial 7,791 route-kilometers as of June 2024, with 7,346 kilometers of broad gauge and 445 kilometers of meter gauge, the network has faced significant challenges. This includes a decline in both passenger and freight services, compounded by the absence of new routes since 1982 and the removal of less trafficked branch lines since the 1980s.
The need for modernization is evident. The current railway infrastructure has suffered from deterioration, leading to frequent derailments and safety concerns. Passenger trains operate at an average speed of 50 to 70 km/h, which falls short of global standards and impacts travel efficiency. Freight services also suffer from inefficiencies, as road transport, despite its higher costs, remains a more attractive option due to the slow speed of the trains.
The Main Line-1 (ML-1) project, a flagship component of CPEC, represents a transformative leap forward in addressing these challenges. This ambitious project aims to overhaul Pakistan’s primary railway route, stretching 1,726 kilometers from Karachi to Peshawar. Divided into four phases—Karachi-Multan, Multan-Lahore, Lahore-Lalamusa and Lalamusa-Peshawar—the ML-1 project is designed to enhance both passenger and freight services significantly. The upgraded tracks are expected to support speeds of up to 140 km/h, with the potential for further speed increases to 160 km/h once additional upgrades, including fencing, are completed.
The project encompasses several key improvements:
- Up-Gradation and Doubling of ML-1: The project will double the existing Main Line-1 from Karachi to Peshawar, covering a distance of 1,733 kilometers and extend to Taxila-Havelian, significantly enhancing the route’s capacity and efficiency.
- New Track Construction: A new track with an improved subgrade will be laid to support speeds of up to 160 km/h, which will help reduce travel times and increase overall efficiency.
- Speed Enhancement: The upgrade will increase train speeds from the current 65-105 km/h to a new range of 120-160 km/h, aligning with international standards and enhancing service reliability.
- Bridge Rehabilitation: Major bridges along the route will be rehabilitated or constructed anew, ensuring structural integrity and safety.
- Modern Signaling & Telecom Systems: The implementation of advanced signaling and communication systems will improve operational coordination and safety.
- Safety Enhancements: Level crossings will be converted into underpasses or flyovers, reducing the risk of accidents and improving traffic flow.
- Track Fencing: Fencing will be installed along the tracks to prevent accidents and enhance security.
- Dry Port Establishment: A new dry port near Havelian will facilitate improved logistics and trade efficiency.
- Training and Development: The Walton Training Academy will be upgraded to provide advanced training and skill development for the railway workforce.
Financed through a Chinese Government Concessional Loan (GCL), the ML-1 project is not just an infrastructure upgrade but a significant economic stimulus. It is anticipated to create around 20,000 direct jobs during the construction phase, with an additional 150,000 indirect jobs. This job creation will be complemented by training programs and skill development initiatives that will strengthen the railway sector’s workforce.
The Planning Commission of Pakistan projects that the ML-1 upgrade could boost GDP growth by 2-3% through enhanced trade and industrial activity facilitated by improved railway logistics. The economic benefits of the project are substantial, with an expected annual contribution of around $10 billion. This benefit will stem from reduced travel times, lower logistics costs, and increased trade opportunities, reinforcing the positive impact of CPEC on Pakistan’s economy.
In conclusion, the revitalization of Pakistan’s railway infrastructure through CPEC represents a major milestone in the country’s development journey. The ML-1 project is set to transform the railway sector, making it more efficient, reliable and capable of supporting Pakistan’s economic ambitions. This modernization effort is a testament to the potential of international partnerships in driving national progress and creating a brighter, more connected future for Pakistan.
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